With an IUCN conservation status changed from vulnerable (VU) in 2006 to critically endangered (CR) in 2018, the Lesser Antillean iguana or péyi (Iguana delicatissima) is one of the most endangered species of reptiles in the world. As for the endemic populations present in Martinique, they are among the most precarious. The preservation of the species and the strengthening of its populations on the scale of the island requires conservation measures for the development of egg-laying sites and the reintroduction of the species on empty sites protected from invasive species such as the common or striped iguana (Iguana iguana). The challenge is to allow colonies of péyi iguanas that have not hybridized with striped iguanas to form viable populations that transmit their specific genomes. Egg-laying sites have thus been developed since the 2000s on Chancel islet, where the soil has been loosened and the impact of tourism reduced. The species has also been reintroduced on Ramier islet. More scattered populations of Lesser Antilles iguanas also live in the densely vegetated and hardly accessible areas of northern Martinique.