Since the construction of the Haut-Koenigsbourg castle, the village of Orschwiller was part of its fief. Extending downhill from the fortress, the wine-growing locality suffered all the consequences of its turbulent history. Its inhabitants often fled to seek refuge behind its walls in case of attacks. The village prospered thanks to the salt, silver, and wine routes that passed through it. This privileged situation attracted thieves and brigands who often robbed and ransomed the merchants, triggering the intervention of the castle's garrison.