In 1395, Duke Philippe le Hardi (1342-1404) issued an ordinance which established the principles of a high-quality vineyard in Burgundy. He advocated the cultivation of a single grape variety while prohibiting the planting of Gamay and forcing its uprooting, even though it was a grape variety that was more productive, thus more profitable. It was in fact the choice of quality over quantity that was made. Although the identity of the ideal grape variety is not specified in this decree, the already well-established reputation of Pinot noir cultivated by the monks of the great abbeys was certainly not ignored in the duke’s orientation.