A small castle established on a feudal clod at the end of the 10th century, Roussillon developed from the 18th century thanks to ocher mining. The village was then surrounded by quarries and ocher factories which employed a thousand people until 1930 before more modern means of extraction and the discovery of more profitable deposits led to the gradual closure of all the mines. Since the end of the 20th century, tourism has replaced the ocher industry.