The Domaine de Villarceaux has around thirty springs spread over the property. One of them is even located on the ground floor of the Saint-Nicolas tower. In the Middle Ages, this spring ensured the survival of the inhabitants in case of a siege. From the 14th century onwards, intensive fish farming developed in the estate’s ponds and the fish, transported live, were delivered every day to the markets in Pontoise and Paris. During the Renaissance, the estate expanded and became a vast agricultural property. The gardens and ponds were redesigned in the Italian style.