Louis Vuitton, a manufacturer of solid and chic bags, launched the checkerboard pattern in 1888, along with a tamper-proof lock, at the Paris World Fair. Subsequently, his son Georges created the Monogram canvas that made the luxury house so successful. In 1987, the holding company Louis Vuitton SA merged with Moët Hennessy to form LVMH. Bernard Arnault’s takeover of the group marked Louis Vuitton’s debut in fashion, under the artistic direction of Marc Jacobs. The company then launched itself into watchmaking, jewellery, accessories, and prêt-à-porter, with the collaboration of numerous designers and creators.