In 1898, the engineer Clément Ader filed the first patent for a 90° V engine. Developed for the automobile, the 20 hp engine weighed 88 kg. In 1905, Léon Levavasseur invented the Antoinette engine for aviation, a V8 weighing 50 kg and producing 50 hp. A revolutionary design for its time, the engine was equipped with a direct fuel injection system and evaporative cooling. From 1909, the aircraft manufacturer Maurice Farman bought his engines from the industrialist Louis Renault, who produced 90 hp V8 engines, cooled by water and air. In 1914, the 120 hp Renault V12 was mass-produced for the French and British armies.