The first 35 mm film projectors - also called kinetographs - appeared in France during the Belle Epoque, at the end of the 19th century. These devices carried 35 mm film by a helical screw with a ramp that, with each revolution, moved one notch forward an eight-chevron disc connected to an aluminum feeder and a two-bladed shutter. They had a cast iron flywheel and an ebonite roller to guide the film.