From the 1520s, Alsace was penetrated by the writings of the Reformer Martin Luther. Many rural towns joined the “lace-up shoe” (Bundschuh) movement. They campaigned for the right to elect or depose their pastors. Lower Alsace ignited, and the Duke of Lorraine repressed the dynamic in a bloodbath. More radical movements like that of the Anabaptists developed in the region of Riquewihr. In 1712, Louis XIV decided to expel them from the kingdom. Some went to the Netherlands and then to North America. They took the name of Amish that the Anabaptists of Alsace gave themselves.