At the end of the 10th century, the village of Roussillon - then called Rossillione - consisted of a small castle built on an earthen fortification called a motte castrale (castle clod). Two centuries later, the Saint-André abbey of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon received incomes from the Sainte-Croix church located in the territory of Roussillon. The village was the stronghold of various local lords (Agoults, Vins, or Isles) until the French Revolution and welcomed Charles IX and the notables of the Kingdom during their royal tour of France between 1564 and 1566.