Metropolitan France has three species of native turtles and tortoises : the rare European Pond Turtle (Emys orbicularis), the extremely rare Leprous Emyde (Mauremys leprosa) and the Hermann's Tortoise (Testudo hermanni), the only terrestrial species (photo). All are threatened to varying degrees by human activities which have modified their biotopes, destroyed or fragmented their habitats and disconnected the various population centers, as well as by the most recent phenomena of hybridization and the removal and trafficking of individuals. Their conservation thus requires, above all, the control of the anthropogenic threats responsible for the disappearance of the individuals and of the favorable habitats.