Even though the origins of the Camargue horse remain mysterious, everyone agrees on their seniority. Writings attest to its existence since Antiquity. Paleontologists, on the other hand, see traces of its ancestors in the primitive features of the cave paintings of the Lascaux cave, which suggests that it could also be indigenous to this region. They also found a prehistoric horse skeleton dating from the Quaternary and showing many similarities with the Camargue horse. Other theories evoke a mixture of horses of different origins which would have gradually adapted to the harsh environment of the Rhone delta. Finally, several scientists maintain that the Camargue breed comes from a crossbreeding of local horses with Arab horses introduced into the south of France several centuries BC, notably by Julius Caesar in the Arles stud farm.