The 158 battles whose names are engraved on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris were won by the armies of the First Republic (1792-1804) and the First Empire (1804-1815). Of these, 96 appear on the inner faces of the great arches in groups of 24 names on each pillar. On the southern pillar (photo), the names of the battles of the first Italian campaign (1796-1797) can be read. On the left of the pillar, “Le Triomphe de Napoléon” (“The Triumph of Napoleon”), sculpted by Jean-Pierre Cortot (1787-1843). The Arc de Triomphe de l’Etoile is an open book on the history of revolutionary and Napoleonic epics throughout Europe.