The Hospices de Beaune were founded in 1443 by Nicolas Rolin, Chancellor of the Duke of Burgundy, and his wife, Guigone de Salins. This palace for the poor remained in operation until the early 1970s. In 1908, the pediatric surgeon Louis Ombredanne developed a device to regulate the arrival of ether for anesthesia. Compresses soaked in ether were placed in a sphere, a dial indicated the quantity, and air and ether were mixed in a pig's bladder. Rings were used to fix the rubber bands to the patient's face (photo). This technique was abandoned in the early 1960s.