The smile of this Martinican should not hide the demographic threat that weighs on his people. With 364,508 inhabitants recorded in 2020, the island has indeed lost more than 21,000 people in five years, i.e. an annual average of 3,500 people. In question, the emigration to France of young people (students or workers) who do not necessarily return, feeding a net migration that is not balanced by the natural surplus. With more and more elderly people and increasingly rare young people furthermore less inclined to procreate, births fell from 4,900 to 3,500 over the same period. Martinique now records more deaths (3,700 in 2020) than births, paving the way for a worrying deceleration of the population.